Construction of Negative Sentence

Construction of Negative Sentence

Subject + did + not + Verb-এর Present Tense-এর রূপ

Simple Past Tense-GRT negative করতে হলে 'not' ব্যবহার করা হয়। Simple Present Tense-এর মতো এখানেও 'not' শব্দটি এমনি এমনি বসে না, Auxiliary Verb 'did' সহযোগে বসে। নীচের উদাহরণগুলি দ্যাখো-

Affirmative	Negative
Manoj wanted to close the door at once.	Manoj did not want to close the door at once.
Tapas crossed the road carefully.	Tapas did not cross the road carefully.
Lopamudra learnt the art of copying.	Lopamudra did not learn the art of copying.

Remember

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(i) Simple Past Tense- Affirmative Sentence যেমন কেবল Verb-এর Past Form বসে, Negative Sentence-এ সেখানে 'did'-এই Auxiliary Verb-এর পর 'not' বসে। যেহেতু 'did not'-এর দ্বারা Past action-টিকে বুঝিয়ে দেওয়া হয় তাই তারপর মূল Verb-এর Present form বসে। (ii) তবে, যখন 'was' এবং 'were' Auxiliary Verb হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়ে না, Principal Verb হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয় তখন Negative করতে হলে 'was' বা 'were'-এর পরেই 'not' বসাতে হয়। যেমন-He was happy. He was not happy.

Construction of Interrogative Sentence

Did/Was/Were + Sub + Verb-এর Present Tense-এর রূপ

এই ক্ষেত্রেও Simple Present Tense-এর মতো Auxiliary Verb Subject-এর আগে বসে। নীচের উদাহরণগুলি দ্যাখো-

Affirmative	Interrogative
I saw the film at the film festival.	Did the boys come to play cricket today?
Did I see the film at the film festival?	Sukanya was sad for her misdeed.
The boys came to play cricket today.	Was Sukanya sad for her misdeed?
They were late for office yesterday.	Were they late for office yesterday?

Subject-এর আগে বসেছে। Wh-word থাকলে এখানেও সেটি প্রথমে বসে।

যেমন- Why did he go there? Who read the book? What did she do in the class?

Simple Future Tense: কোনো কাজ ভবিষ্যতে হবে বোঝাতে

Simple Future Tense বা Future Indefinite Tense ব্যবহৃত হয়।

Construction of Affirmative Sentence

Subject + shall/will+ Verb-এর মূল রূপ

(i) We shall go to your place tomorrow.

(ii) The students will attend the assembly in time..

(iii) Leaves will fall from the tree in winter.

(iv) I shall complete the work by this month.

(v) This evening I shall be at home.

(vi) The price of these products will rise after the election.

Remember._______________________

Simple Future Tense-এ 'shall' এবং 'will' এই Auxiliary Verb দুটি ব্যবহৃত হয় ।। এবং We -এর সঙ্গে 'shall' এবং বাকী অন্যসব Subject-এর সঙ্গে সাধারণত 'will' ব্যবহৃত হয়। তবে বর্তমানে shall-এর ব্যবহার অনেক সীমিত হয়ে গেছে, will-ই সব subject-এর সঙ্গে বসে।

Construction of Negative Sentence

Subject + shall/will + not + Verb-এর মূল রূপ

Negative Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে Simple Future Tense- Auxiliary Verb-এর পর not বসে অন্যান্য Tense-এর মতোই।

(i) I shall not go to office today.

(ii) My friend will not come to me next week.

(iii) They will not take rest today.

(iv) She will not retire in this month.

Construction of Interrogative Sentence

Shall/Will + (not) + Subject + Verb-এর মূল রূপ

Wh-word + Shall/Will + (not) + Subject + Verb-এর মূল রূপ

(i) Will you come to me tomorrow?

(ii) Won't you come to me?

(iii) Will the team-leader help us in selling this article?

(iv) Shall I go to you tomorrow?

(v) When will he come to your place?

(vi) Where will you go tomorrow?

(vii) Why won't you take breakfast?

(viii) How will you work out the surn?

(ix) Won't you join us in the picnic?

(x) Shall I meet the teacher tonight?

(xi) What will help them in crisis?

Present Continuous Tense

কোনো কাজ বর্তমানে চলছে বোঝাতে Verb-এর Present

1. Continuous Tense ব্যবহৃত হয়। যেমন-

(i) I am studying English now. (ii) My father is going to the market.

(iii) Sutapa is listening to music.

(iv) The boys are doing their class-work.

(v) It is raining cats and dogs.

(vi) We are returning from school.

(vii) She is arriving here tomorrow.

2. অদূর ভবিষ্যতে বা near future-এ কোনো কাজ ঘটবে বোঝাতে Verb-এর Present Continuous Tense ব্যবহার করা হয়। যেমন-

(i) The train is leaving the platform at 6 pm.

(ii) We are going to see a film this evening.

(iii) My friend Natasha is reaching here tomorrow.

(iv) The forensic team is coming this evening.

(v) I am going there tomorrow.

(vi) We are going to organise a blood donation camp.

(vii) She is leaving for Delhi in the evening today.

(viii) The team is arriving to play the World Cup.

Construction of Present Continuous Tense

Subject + am/is/are + (Verb + ing) + (Object/Complement)

উপরের উদাহরণগুলি লক্ষ করলে সহজেই Present Continuous Tense-এর গঠন বুঝতে পারবে। প্রথমে Subject, তারপর Auxiliary

Verb (am অথবা is অথবা are) এবং তারপর Verb+ing ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে।।-এর সঙ্গে am, You-র সঙ্গে are এবং Third Person Singular

Number-এর ক্ষেত্রে is আর Plural-এর ক্ষেত্রে are ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে।

Construction of Negative Sentence

Subject + am/is/are + not + (Verb + ing) + (Object/Complement)

Present Continuous Tense- Negative করতে হলে Auxiliary Verb-গুলির অর্থাৎ am/is/are-এর পরেই not বসাতে হবে। Simple Present Tense-এর জন্য নির্দিষ্ট থাকা Auxiliary Verb 'do' বা 'does'

আনার দরকার নেই। যেমন-

(i) I am not playing football now.

(ii) The boy is not playing in the field.

(iii) You are not listening to your teacher.

(iv) We are not leaving this office at present.

(v) They are not going together now.

(vi) You are not doing the job properly.

(vii) The coach is not watching the movement carefully.

Construction of Interrogative Sentence

Am/Is/Are + Subject+ (Verb + ing) + ( Object/Complement)

প্রশ্নবোধক বাকা বা question তৈরি করার সময়ও Auxiliary Verb (am/ is/are)-কে Subject-এর আগে আনতে হয়। বাকো যেহেতু Auxiliary Verb দেওয়া থাকে, তাই আলাদা করে do/does আনতে হয় না। আর wh- word দিয়ে প্রশ্ন শুরু হলে সেটি বাক্যের শুরুতে বসবে (ষষ্ঠ বাক্যটি দ্যাখো)।

(i) Am I writing Michael a letter?

(ii) Are you coming from Salt Lake?

(iii) Is Ramesh playing cricket?

(iv) Are they going to the zoo?

(v) Is he doing his duty properly?

(vi) Why is Tapas walking so fast?

Wh-word+ am/is/are + Subject+ (Verb+ing) + (Object/

Complement)

Question বা প্রশ্নটি Negative হলে am/is/are এর পর 'not' বসবে। Subject-টি Noun হলে তার আগে not বসবে আর Subject Pronoun হলে তার পরে not বসবে।

(1) Am I not doing better now?

(ii) Are you not feeling well today?

(iii) Is he not walking regularly?

(iv) Is not Rabeya looking after his only child?

(v) Is not Madhurima doing her homework regularly?

(vi) Are not the players practising daily?

(vii) Is not the sick man taking medicines at regular intervals?

Past Continuous Tense

1. কোনো কাজ অতীতে করা হচ্ছিল বা চলছিল বোঝাতে Past Continuous Tense ব্যবহার করা হয়। যেমন-

(i) The cat was sitting on a wall.

(ii) Sukanya was playing table tennis.

(iii) The players were returning home in the evening.

(iv) We were watching an Italian movie last night.

(v) I was eating a banana at that time.

(vi) Debalina was talking with someone over the telephone.

2. অতীতে কোনো কাজ হওয়ার সময় অন্য কোনো কাজ আগে থেকে হচ্ছিল বা চলছিল বোঝাতে Past Continuous Tense ব্যবহার করা হয়। যেমন-

(i) When the teacher entered, we were all shouting.

(ii) When I reached home, I saw that the local boys were waiting for me.

(iii) When Dipika reached the station, the train was moving.

(iv) When I reached the auditorium, I saw that the police were searching thoroughly.

Construction of Past Continuous Tense

Subject + was/were + (Verb + ing) + (Object/Complement)

প্রতিটি ক্ষেত্রেই অতীতে কোনো কাজ হচ্ছিল বা চলছিল বোঝাতে Subject- এর পর Person এবং Number অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb 'was' বা 'were' বসে, এবং তারপর মূল Verb-এর সঙ্গে ing যুক্ত হয়।

Remember_______________

(i) I was Singular (ii) It/He/She was → Singular (iii) We were → Plural (iv) They were → Plural (v) You were → Sin- gular + Plural

Construction of Negative Sentence

Subject + was/were + not + (Verb + ing) + (Object/Complement)

Past Continuous Tense এর Negative করতে হলে Auxiliary Verb

was বা were এর পর 'nof' ব্যবহার করতে হয়।

(i) It was not raining at that time.

(ii) My pet dog was not barking when I returned.

(ii) Madhumita was not following the instructions. (iv) Dipu and Tarapada were not doing the sums then.

Construction of Interrogative Sentence Was/Were + Subject+ (Verb + ing)+ ( Object/Complement)

Wh-word + was/were + Subject+ (Verb+ing) + (Object/ Complement)

প্রশ্নবোধক Sentence তৈরি করার সময় প্রথমে Auxiliary Verb 'was' বা 'were' ব্যবহার করতে হয়। তারপর Subject বসিয়ে 'ing' যুক্ত মূল Verb বসাতে হয়। Wh-word থাকলে তা was বা were-এর আগে বসে। না-বাচক বা Negative Sentence তৈরি করার সময় Auxiliary Verb- এর পর not বসাতে হয়। যেমন-

(1) Was he going to office yesterday?

(ii) Were they seeing a film last night?

(iii) Were you swimming in the pond?

(iv) Was not my mother waiting for us yesterday?

(v) Why were they talking all the time during work?

(vi) Why was not the girl listening to her conscience?

Future Continuous Tense: 

ভবিষ্যতের কোনো একটি সময়ে কোনো কাজ চলতে থাকবে বা ঘটতে থাকবে এরকম বোঝাতে Verb-এর Future Continuous Tense ব্যবহার করা হয়।

Construction of Future Continuous Tense

Subject + shall/will + be + (Verb + ing) + (Object/Complement)

(i) I will be waiting for you tomorrow.

(ii) We will be meeting soon.

(iii) Next summer we will be spending the vacation in a hill station.

(iv) Tomorrow the players will be playing in the afternoon.

(v) When I return home my mother will be cooking as usual.

(vi) The girls will be singing when their teacher comes.

(vii) I shall be sleeping at that time.

(viii) They will be singing and dancing all the way.

Construction of Negative Sentence

Subject + shall/will + not + be + (Verb + ing) + (Object/Complement)

(i) I will not be waiting for you tomorrow.

(ii) We will not be meeting soon.

(iii) Next summer we will not be spending the vacation in a hill station.

(iv) Tomorrow the players will not be playing in the afternoon.

(v) When I return home my mother will not be cooking as usual.

vi) The girls will not be singing when their teachers come.

(vii) I shall not be sleeping at that time.

(viii) They will not be singing and dancing all the way.

Construction of Interrogative Sentence

Shall/Will Subject + be + (Verb + ing)+(Object/Complement)

(1) Will I be waiting for you tomorrow?

(ii) Will we be meeting soon?

(iii) Will we not be spending the vacation in a hill station next summer?

(iv) Will not the players be playing in the afternoon tomorrow?

(v) Will not the girls be singing when their teachers come?

Present Perfect Tense

কোনো কাজ আগে হয়েছিল বোঝাতে আমরা Past Tense ব্যবহার করি। কিন্তু কোনো কাজ একটু আগে শেষ হয়েছে অথচ তার ফল এখনও বর্তমান

এরূপ বোঝাতে Present Perfect Tense ব্যবহার করা হয়।

Construction of Present Perfect Tense

Subject + has/have + Verb-এর Past Participle + (Object/ Complement)

(i) We have just come from school.

(ii) He has finished the work.

(iii) I have gone through the book.

(iv) Avik has arrived at the airport.

(v) The boys have returned from school.

(vi) The old lady has taken the medicine.

Construction of Negative Sentence

Subject + has/have + not + Verb-এর Past Participle + (Object/ Complement)

(i) They have not reached the station.

(ii) The man has not come back yet.

(iii) Sutapa has not started playing the music.

iv) I have not gone to the film festival yet.

( (v) Lopamudra has not seen the film yet.

(vi) We have not given her dues.

Construction of Interrogative Sentence

Has/Have + Subject + Verb-এর Past Participle + (Object/Complement) Wh-word + has/have + Subject + Verb-এর Past participle + (Object/ Complement)

(i) Have you gone to school?

(ii) Has she gone to Nabanno?

(iii) Have I not told you earlier?

(iv) Why have you come here?

(v) Why have they gone there?

(vi) Why has not Raju waited for me?

Past Perfect Tense: 

বাকো অতীতের দুটি কাজের মধ্যে একটি অন্যটির থেকে আগে ঘটেছিল বোঝাতে আগে ঘটা Verb-এর Past Perfect Tense ব্যবহার করতে হয়। আর পরে ঘটা Verb-টির Simple Past Tense ব্যবহার করতে হয়।

Construction of Past Perfect Tense

Subject + had + Verb-€Åõp Past Participle + (Object/Complement)

(i) The train had left before we reached the station.

(ii) The injured man had died before the doctor attended him.

(iii) Sanjukta had completed her task before the project period ended.

(iv) Shatabdi had left the office before her husband came.

Construction of Negative Sentence

Subject + had + not + Verb-এর Past Participle + (Object/Complement)

(i) The train had not left before we reached the station.

(ii) The injured man had not died before the doctor came.

(iii) Sanjukta had not completed her job before the project period ended.

(iv) Shatabdi had not left the office before her husband came.

Construction of Interrogative Sentence

Had + subject + Verb-এর Past Participle + (Object/Complement)

(i) Had the train left before you reached the station?

(ii) Had Soma completed her job before the project period ended?

(iii) Had not the injured man died before the doctor attended him?

(iv) Had she not finished her homework before her mother returned home?

Remember_______________

Interrogative Sentence-এ না-বাচক অর্থ প্রকাশ করতে হলে কখনও Subject-এর আগে, আবার কখনও Subject-এর পরে not বসাতে হয়।

(i) Subject যদি Noun হয় তাহলে তার আগে not বসাতে হয়। (ii) Sub- ject যদি Pronoun হয় তাহলে তার পরে not বসাতে হয়। (iii) Con- tracted form যেমন-shall not = shan't, will not = won't ইত্যাদির ক্ষেত্রে Subject Pronoun হলেও 'not' Subject-এর আগে ব্যবহৃত হবে।

Present Perfect Continuous Tense:

কোনো কাজ একটু আগে শুরু হয়ে এখনও তা চলছে বা ঘটছে বোঝাতে Verb-এর Present Perfect Continuous Tense ব্যবহৃত হয়।

Construction of Present Perfect Continuous Tense

 Subject + has/have + been + (Verb+ing) + since/for+বাকোর বাকি অংশ

(i) I have been doing this work for the last seven days. (ii) They have been playing together for the last two years. (iii) It has been raining since 5 o'clock.

(iv) Ronita has been studying since 6 in the morning.

(v) I have been living here from my childhood.

Construction of Negative Sentence

Subject has not/have not + been + (Verb+ing) + since/for+ বাক্যের বাকি অংশ

(i) I have not been doing this work for the last two days. (ii) Rekha has not been reading in this school for three years.

(ii) You have not been suffering from fever since last Friday.

(iv) Raima has not been dancing for the last three days. Construction of Interrogative Sentence

Has/Have + Subject + been + (Verb + ing) + since/for + বাক্যের বাকি অংশ

(i) Have I been doing this work for two days? (ii) Has he been reading in this school for three years?

(iii) How long have you been standing here alone?

(iv) Has not Ram been practising the tabla for five years? (v) Have you not been suffering from fever since last Friday?

Past Perfect Continuous Tense:

কোনো কাজ অতীতকালে বেশ কিছু সময় ধরে চলছিল বা ঘটছিল বোঝাতে Verb-এর Past Perfect Continuous Tense ব্যবহৃত হয়।

Construction of Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Subject + had + been + (Verb + ing) + since/for+ বাক্যের বাকি অংশ

(i) Amit had been practising the law for five years.

(ii) Mother had been cooking for two hours.

(iii) It had been raining since Saturday.

(iv) We had been playing for three years in the same team.

(v) Sukanya had been teaching English for 10 years.

Construction of Negative Sentence

Subject + had + not + been + (verb+ing) + since/for+ বাক্যের বাকি অংশ

(i) Amrita had not been practising the law for ten years.

(ii) It had not been raining since Friday.

(iii) We had not been playing for five years in the same team.

(iv) I had not been working when he came.

Construction of Interrogative Sentence

Had + Subject + been + (Verb + ing) + since/for+ বাক্যের বাকি অংশ

(1) Had Joyeeta been studying English for five days?

(ii) Had you been cooking for two hours?

(ii) Had it been raining since midnight?

(iv) Had he not been practising the law for ten years?

(v) Had not Pinaki been playing for five years in the same team?